Lippo Bank

Lippo Bank is Indonesia's 9th largest bank in Indonesia by the number of the assets. It is controlled by ethnic Chinese Mochtar Riady together with the Lippo Group. Indonesia sold the stake in Bank Lippo as part of asset disposals aimed at cutting the government's budget deficit and recouping the 450 trillion rupiah it spent to bail out banks after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Swissasia Global bought 52.1 percent of Bank Lippo in February 2004 from the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency for $142 million. The agency took control of Bank Lippo from its previous owners, the Riady family, after the government injected funds into the lender in 1999 to boost capital. The family still holds a minority stake, partly through PT Lippo E-Net, which owns 5.6% of the lender. Despite their minority holding, the Riady's retain controlling rights.

On 26 August 2005, the shareholders of the bank and Bank Indonesia have approved the sales of the 52.05% controlling stake held by Swissasia Global to Santubong Investment B.V which was wholly owned by Khazanah Nasional Berhad, the investment arm of the Malaysian federal government. The sales took effect on 30 September the same year.^[1][2]

Because of Khazanah, the holding company of CIMB Group, has an 86.52-percent stake in Lippo Bank through Santubong Investment BV, while CIMB Group itself owns 62 percent of Bank Niaga`s shares through its subsidiary, Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings^[3], Bank Niaga and Lippo Bank have to be merged. On 1 November 2008, Lippo Bank officially merged to Bank CIMB Niaga (former Bank Niaga).^[4]

The bank's United States subsidiary was implicated in the scandal of improper contributions to the Clinton-Gore Campaign. According to a 1998 Senate Governmental Affairs Committee report, by 1992, while employed by Lippo Bank in California, John "Huang began to raise illegal foreign money for the DNC through Lippo-owned shell companies ... " This money, which wound up in Democratic coffers, was ultimately traced to the "greater China region."

"Huang's colleagues at Lippo Bank . . . never understood his corporate duties and described him as a `mystery man,' " the report said.

The History of Bank DANAMON

PT Bank Danamon Indonesia Tbk was established in 1956 under the name of PT Bank Kopra Indonesia, in 1976, the Bank's name was changed to the present name, Bank Danamon Indonesia. The Bank became the first Indonesian private foreign exchange bank in 1976 and a publicly listed bank in 1989.

In 1977, as a result of the Asian financial crisis, Bank Danamon ran into liquidity insolvency and was placed under the supervision of the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) as a BTO (taken over) bank. In 1999, the government of Indonesia, thought IBRA, recapitalized the Bank with Rp 32 trillion of government bonds. Within the same year, another BTO bank was merger into Bank Danamon as part of the restructuring programme of IBRA.

In 2000, Bank Danamon took under its wings eight other BTO banks. As the surviving entity, Bank Danamon emerged from the merger as one of the pillar banks of Indonesia.

During the next three years, Bank Danamon underwent extensive restructuring involving management, people, organization, systems, core values and corporate identity. The efforts succeeded in laying down new foundations and infrastructure for the Bank to pursue growth based on transparency, responsibility, integrity and professionalism (TRIP).

In 2003, Bank Danamon was acquired by the Asia Finance Indonesia consortium which took a majority controlling stake in the Bank. With new management at the helm, and 180-day remapping of its business model and strategy, Bank Danamon continues to undergo a transformational change designed to mold it into a leading national bank and a key regional player.

Source : http://www.danamon.co.id/content_a.php?nmCat=sekilas&lng=2

About BCA

BCA was officially founded on 21 February 1957 with the name of Bank Central Asia NV.
Many things have passed by since the establishment, and perhaps the most significant is the monetary crisis that occurred in 1997.

This crisis brought a remarkable impact on the overall banking system in Indonesia. However, specifically, these conditions affect the cash flow of funds in the BCA and even had to threaten birthday. Many customers panic and roll their funds. As a result, banks are forced to ask for assistance from the government. National Bank Agency (BPPN) then took over BCA in 1998.

Owing to the business and policy decision-making wise, BCA successfully restored in the same year. In December 1998, the funds have been three parties to return to the level before the crisis. BCA assets reached Rp 67.93 trillion, while in December 1997 only Rp 53.36 trillion. Public confidence in the BCA has fully recovered, and the BCA BPPN to be submitted by Bank Indonesia in 2000.

Furthermore, the BCA to take big steps to become a public company. Quoting Prime Shares held in 2000, by selling shares of 22.55%, which comes from divestasi BPPN. After the Prime Stock Quotes, BPPN still control 70.30% of all shares BCA. Bidding to two shares held in June and July 2001, with BPPN mendivestasikan 10% of the shares it owns in the BCA.

In 2002, IBRA release 51% of the shares in the tender BCA through a strategic private placement. Farindo Investments, Ltd.., Based in Mauritius, won the tender. Currently, the BCA continues to strengthen its tradition of good corporate governance, in full compliance regulations, risk management and commitment to its customers in the bank as well as transactional and financial intermediary institutions.

The History of Bank MEGA

Starting from a family-owned business named PT. Karman Bank, which was founded in 1969 and based in Bangkok, then in 1992 the name changed to PT. Mega Bank, and make relocation to the Office of Central Jakarta.

Along with its development of PT. Mega Bank in 1996, taken over by the ITS GROUP (PT. The Global Investindo and PT. Investama The Partners). To further improve the image of PT. Mega Bank, in June 1997 to make changes to the logo with the goal that as people's confidence in financial institutions, will be more easily recognized through a new company logo is. And in 2000 made changes to the name of PT. PT Bank Mega to be. Bank Mega.

In order to strengthen the capital structure in the same year the PT. Bank Mega implement the Initial Public Offering and listed on the JSX and Have a great night. Thus, part of PT shares. Mega Bank is owned by the public and changed its name to PT. Bank Mega Tbk.

At the time of economic crisis, Bank Mega attention as one of the banks that are not affected by the crisis and continue to grow without government assistance, together with Citibank, Deutche Bank and HSBC.

PT. Bank Mega Tbk. with the slogan "Mega Goal you" grow rapidly and become a confident and reputable financial institution that is capable of leading banks in the Asia Pacific region and has obtained many awards and achievements both at the national, regional and international. In an effort to realize the performance in accordance with the name disandangnya, PT. Bank Mega Tbk. hold on the principles of professionalism, openness and caution with a strong capital structure and banking products and the latest facilities. Until the year 2007 PT. Bank Mega Tbk. 152 has a network consisting of branch offices, sub-branches and cash offices spread in almost all major cities in Indonesia, and Priority Banking.

Banking Sector Facing Liquidity Pressure

When a global financial shock occurs, investors soon move their funds from the risk to places more secure. This could cause a liquidity crisis for institutions and large, in the banking industry from a bank error in the fulfillment of the transaction - the transaction could endanger the position of the clearing banks other.
Bank Mega to become one of the most liquid currently, in the interest of war between banks - big banks that cause liquidity is not evenly spread in each bank.

Source : http://www.bankmega.com/corsec/liquidbanks.php

The History of Bank Negara Indonesia

Initially referred to by its unabbreviated name of Bank Negara Indonesia when it was established in 1946, BNI is the first bank formed and owned by the Indonesian Government.

Historical records indicate that on of the eve of the 30th of October 1946, or merely a few months after its formal establishment, the Bank distributed the first currency bills ever issued by Indonesia’s Government popularly known at the time as ORI, or ‘Oeang Republik Indonesia’ (Currency of the Republic of Indonesia). In fact, this day is commemorated annually as the National Finance Day while the date of the Bank's establishment - the 5th of July - was designated as National Bank Day.

Bank Negara Indonesia's role as the circulation and central bank was duly terminated in 1949 following the government’s appointment of the former Dutch-controlled bank, De Javasche Bank, as Indonesia's Central Bank . The Bank, subsequently designated as a development bank, was later granted the rights to provide foreign reserve services that allowed it access to direct foreign transactions.

Enhanced by increased capitalization, the Bank's legal status was formally changed to that of a state-owned commercial Bank in 1995. This provided the Bank with the foundation to provide better and wider range of both access and services for the country's business sectors.

In its quest to competitively differentiate itself from its competitors, the Bank decided, towards the end of 1968, to attach its year of establishment to its corporate name to become Bank Negara Indonesia 1946. The Bank was therefore popularly referred to, for decades, as 'BNI 46'. The simpler name of 'Bank BNI' was adopted in 1988 along with the change of the corporate identity.

BNI’s legal status was upgraded in 1992 to that of a state-owned limited corporation under the name of PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) and the bank decided to become a public company through its initial public offering of its shares in 1996.

BNI's ability to adapt to environmental, socio-cultural and technological advances is reflected through the continuous refinement of its corporate identity which is carried out to suit the changing demands and trends of the times. This adaptability signifies the Bank's dedication and commitment towards continuous improvement of its performance.

A refined corporate identity was introduced in 2004 that reflects the positive prospects for the future after a year of struggle characterized by a period of hardship. A shorter name of 'BNI' subsequently replaced the former 'Bank BNI', while the year of its establishment - '46' - was exposed through the logomark to reinforce the pride and distinction that the Bank had in being the country's first national bank.

In keeping with the spirit of the heroic national struggle that is rooted in its history, BNI strives to provide the best services for the country and to ultimately become the Pride of the Nation, today and always.

About Bank NISP

Sixty-seven years ago - on April 4, 1941 to be precise -- Bank NISP was established in Bandung, West Java, under the name NV Nederlandsch Indische Spaar En Deposito Bank. Bank NISP is the fourth oldest bank in Indonesia and initially operated as a savings bank. In 1967 the bank's status was changed to that of a commercial bank. In 1972, Bank NISP entered into a financing and technical assistance agreement with Daiwa Bank of Japan through Bank Daiwa Perdania, which was the first joint venture bank in Indonesia. On 27 June 1974, Bank NISP became a shareholder in Bank Perdania, in which as of 31 March 2002 Bank NISP has 19.92% share. In March 2003, the Daiwa Bank, Limited, and the Asahi Bank, Limited, merged, and reorganized into Resona Bank, Limited, and Saitama Resona Bank, Limited, to establish "The Resona Holdings, Inc." In connection with the merger, the bank's name has been changed from PT Bank Daiwa Perdania to PT Bank Resona Perdania. However, the Extraordinary General Shareholders Meeting in 2005 has decided to sell Bank NISP's entire shareholding in PT Bank Resona. The sale of the 19.92% shareholding ( 567,777 shares ) was intended to maximize Bank NISP's earning assets structure by shifting the investment to the real sector. Bank NISP's status was upgraded in 1990 when the bank became a foreign exchange bank. In line with this, confidence in Bank NISP from several international institutions continued to grow. EXIM Bank of Japan and Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO) both used Bank NISP to channel their longterm soft loans to small- and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, Bank NISP also participated in USAID's loan guarantee portfolio program from the United States. Bank NISP became a public bank on October 20, 1994, listing its shares on the Jakarta Stock Exchange. In 1995 and 1996, Bank NISP was awarded ISO 9002 certification for its Treasury and Financial Institutions division as well as its Head Office division. Bank NISP was the first bank in the Asean region to apply international quality standards. In January 2000, Bank NISP's ISO 9002 certification was upgraded to ISO 9001-1994 and there was a further upgrade to ISO 9001-2000 certification in 2001. At the beginning of 1997, together with Singapore's third largest banks the Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation (OCBC), Bank NISP established a joint venture bank called Bank OCBC-NISP. Following the acquisition of PT Bank Keppel TatLee Buana by PT Bank OCBC-NISP in February 2002, the name of PT Bank OCBC-NISP was changed to PT Bank OCBC Indonesia. In 2002, Bank NISP divested its share in the bank from 15% to 1.33%. In the same year, Bank NISP became the first bank in Indonesia to receive longterm bilateral loans directly from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group. Then at the beginning of 2001, the IFC became a shareholder in Bank NISP, taking a 9.6% share through Rights Issue II and changing the loans that it had already provided into subordinated loans amounting to USD 5 million. Following this, a second investment was made through rights issue III, totaling Rp 31.56 billion and USD 5 million through the execution of the compensation for the above loans, which was carried out in July 2002. By 2005 Bank NISP held its 4th rights issue which raised a total of Rp 601.5 billion. As of 30 September 2005, the IFC officially owns a 7.17% stake in Bank NISP. The economic crisis that struck Indonesia in mid-1997 and rapidly deteriorated into a banking crisis forced the government to introduce a recapitalization program to rescue Indonesia's banking sector. Under this program, Bank Indonesia classified Bank NISP as an 'A' bank, indicating that the bank's capital structure was strong enough to exclude it from the bank recapitalization program, which was essentially aimed at strengthening capital. In 1999, while the majority of Indonesian banks were involved in internal recovery activities, Bank NISP went ahead and launched a repackaged Home Ownership Loan product called 'KPR Merdeka' (Independence Home Ownership Loans). The unique feature of this product is the loan approval process, which takes only five working days as from when all data have been received. This product received a very warm welcome from members of the public who had anxiously been awaiting bank loans to help them pay for their homes in the midst of the economic crisis. With the support of more than 5,300 employees, over 352 offices and 20,000 ATMs (including the "ATM Bersama" and ATM BCA network ) spread throughout Indonesia and also OCBC Bank's ATMs in Singapore, and BankCard in Malaysia Bank NISP continues to grow and develop without forgetting the importance of providing quality service to its customers. In the international domain, trust to Bank NISP has become more concrete, OCBC Bank Singapore, one of the biggest banks in the Southeast Asia, came in as a shareholder of NISP since April 2004. With the 72.40% share ownership by the end of 2007, OCBC Bank is the biggest institutional shareholder of Bank NISP, which actively supports Bank NISP’s growth and development to be the world-class standard bank.

RI Calls Decrease Flower World Bank

Inilah.com, Jakarta - The Indonesian government welcomes the decline in interest rates by a World Bank loan of 30 basis points. Moreover, financial institutions other world will soon follow the step of the World Bank.

Deputy Coordinating Minister for Economy Mahendra Siregar in Jakarta, Thursday (3 / 10), explained, the decline in interest rates after the World Bank, debt management strategy and compositions will not be changed.

"The government will run a strategy borrowing and debt in the country is better SUN (Government Bonds), sovereign debt or commercial debt consistently," said Mahendra.

He also explained, the World Bank policy also likely will be followed by other financial lembagan. "The World Bank has started a lower interest rate, which may in turn will adjust. I think in global conditions will be related to one another, "he said.

Previously Finance Minister Sri Mulyani said the government will learn a new proposal from the World Bank. "I'm review the proposal, including the terms skimnu later see what skimnya. Every time there is a new option we see," he said. (din)

source : http://indie.inilah.com/berita/ekonomi/2007/10/04/984/ri-sambut-penurunan-bunga-bank-dunia/

World Bank Lowers Interest Rates IBRD Important Step in to Support Middle income countries: Indonesia will Getting Large gains, "said Representative (

Jakarta, 2 October 2007: Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank last week approved the simplification and a decrease in loan interest loans huge burden in the country for 79 low-income and middle feasible to get a loan, including Indonesia, which is the client's shareholders and the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). The decrease is a response to requests from countries borrowers who want to get World Bank financing more competitive and meet the commitment made at the Annual Meetings in September 2006 in Singapore.

Interest rate on new loans has been much simplified - to change the cost structure of a complex form of the previous cost in advance, of the loan, commitment fees, and the risk premium - a simple structure with the cost in advance and decline of interest rates. Cost commitment paid countries after they signed and before receiving the loan has been removed along with the elimination of the sometimes offered to reduce the financial burden. This has increased the transparency of the process of the loan.

How do these reforms will help Indonesia? IBRD loan previously given to middle-income country in about 30 bps (basis points) above the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) for the Variable Spread Loan. With the new pricing structure, IBRD Variable Spread Loans will be provided on the interest rate equivalent to LIBOR. So, if Indonesia will borrow U.S. $ 100 million, Indonesia will get additional savings of U.S. $ 300,000, saving over the existing loan because the cost of the World Bank under the standard market. The structure of this new pricing will occur for all loans signed on and after the date of May 16, 2007.

"World Bank Group can become a better partner for middle-income client countries, and this is one of the steps we take to meet the commitment," said Robert Zoellick, President of the World Bank Group, in a press release in Washington. This step is implicitly recognize number of financing options available to the country-and middle-income countries highlights the cost advantages in taking a loan from the World Bank. Middle-income countries such as Indonesia - is defined by the World Bank as countries that have per capita income between U.S. $ 1,025 and U.S. $ 6,055 for the years 2007 - IBRD loans for projects in the social sector, infrastructure and other areas. IBRD loan to Indonesia is usually given for 20 years with a grace period of 5 years.

"Job creation of employment infrastructure and poverty reduction efforts can help raise the welfare of around 17.75 percent of the Indonesian people who live below the poverty line," said Joachim von Amsberg, World Bank Chief Representative to Indonesia. "Interest rate on new loans for Indonesia is very interesting because we lower the interest rate on debt financing from international capital markets become increasingly expensive for Indonesia."

Along with the markets of developing countries increasingly wide fluctuation in connection with the capital market recently, the level of funding for Indonesia has increased in recent months, while the rate of loans from the World Bank remains stable. With the decrease of interest rate margins, the benefits received from the World Bank in Indonesia compared to the international capital markets will be increased.

In fiscal year 2007, the World Bank to plant investment in Indonesia U.S. $ 1:16 billion for 28 projects in the sectors of infrastructure, health, education and community-based development, with U.S. $ 771 million came from IBRD and U.S. $ 389 million is interest-free loan from the International Development Agency ( IDA). This amount reached 6 percent of the total loans in Indonesia this year. In addition, the World Bank manages U.S. $ 1:05 billion Trust Fund for reconstruction of the disaster, support decentralization, and the delivery of public services for the poor.

See table below:

World Bank Lending to Indonesia in FY07


To get more information about the loan and the World Bank assistance to Indonesia, visit: http://www.worldbank.org/id

source : http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/INDONESIAINBAHASAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21494744~menuPK:447271~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:447244,00.html

HSBC

HSBC Holdings PLC (NYSE: HBC, LSE: HSBA, HKSE: 005, Euronext: HSBC), is one of the largest banking group in the world. HSBC's head office in London, with headquarters in the HSBC Tower, London, a part of the development of Canary Wharf in London Docklands. The founders are members of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, a bank established by the people of Scotland - Thomas Sutherland - to finance trade in the Far East in 1865.

In 2005, the bank is the fourth largest company in terms of assets ([1]). He reported income in the amount of U.S. dollars about 70% came from outside Britain. Nearly 40% came from operations in Hong Kong. Before Leonard moved to London in the early 1990s, he calls in Hong Kong. HSBC is the largest bank in Hong Kong, and the second largest in the world after Citigroup.

In Indonesia, HSBC began to attend in Jakarta in 1884, so that is one of the oldest banks in Indonesia.

BANK NISP

Brief History

67 years ago, precisely April 4, 1941, Bank NISP was established in Bandung with the name NV Nederlandsch Indische Spaar En Deposit Bank.

As the fourth oldest bank in Indonesia, began in the early establishment of Bank NISP operates as a savings bank in 1967 and have increased the status as a commercial bank.

In 1972 the Bank NISP alliances formed a joint financing and technical assistance by the Bank Perdania which is the first joint venture bank in Indonesia. On 27 June 1974, Bank NISP become one of the shareholders at Daiwa Bank Perdania, where 31 March 2003 shares of Bank NISP of 19.92%. In March 2003, Daiwa Bank and Asahi Bank Limited Limited conduct mergers and organized into Resona Bank Limited and Saitama Resona Bank Limited to form Resona Holdings, Inc.. In connection with the merger, PT Bank Daiwa Perdania changed its name to PT Bank Resona Perdania. However, in RUPST (Annual General Meeting of Shareholders) 2005 re-release of Bank NISP ownership of 567,777 shares to maximize the assets produktifnya structure.

Improving the status as a foreign exchange bank acquired the Company in 1990. Along with that, the trust of various international institutions continue to grow. Exim Bank of Japan and the Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO) to distribute long-term soft loans to small and medium enterprises through the Bank NISP. In addition, USAID, the United States from the Bank NISP also participate in the loan portfolio guarantee program.

On 20 October 1994, Bank NISP its shares on the Jakarta Stock Exchange and the Public Bank. Furthermore, in 1995 and 1996 the Bank NISP obtain ISO 9002 certificate for the Treasury and the Division of Financial Institutions and the Office of Vocational Center. ISO 9002 certification is made of Bank NISP as one of the first bank in the Asean region, which apply international standards of quality. In January 2000 the certificate ISO 9002 increased to ISO 9001-1994 and in 2001 increased again to become ISO 9001-2000.

In early 1997, OCBC Overseas Investments Pte. Ltd. (OOI), a subsidiary of Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited - the third largest Bank of Singapore, Bank NISP with a mixture of bank called the Bank OCBC-NISP. After PT Bank Buana Keppel Tatlee merger with PT Bank OCBC-NISP in February 2002, PT Bank OCBC-NISP also changed the name to PT Bank OCBC Indonesia. In 2002, Bank NISP do divestasi ownership in the bank from 15% to 1.33%.

In the same year, Bank NISP became the first bank in the U.S. who receive long-term bilateral loans from the International Finance Corporation (IFC), one of the members of the World Bank. Then in early 2001, the IFC to make capital investment of 9.6% through Right Issue II, and made the loan EUR 5 million as a loan subordination.

Repayment second IFC capital of Rp 31.56 billion of compensation and loan subordination USD 5 million made through Right Issue III occurred in July 2002. As of the end of June 2005 of 8.56% shares of Bank NISP officially owned by the IFC. Right on Isue IV month Novermber 2005 Bank NISP.memperoleh fund of Rp 601.5 billion, which the International Finance Corporation (IFC) have dilusi meniadi 7.17%

Economic crisis in Indonesia since mid 1997, then worsened with the banking crisis, urged the government to hold a recapitalization program in order to save the banking sector of Indonesia. In the implementation of the recapitalization program, Bank Indonesia, Bank NISP classified into the category of the bank group "A". This indicates that the Company's capital structure strong enough so as not to follow the banking recapitalization program, which is basically intended to strengthen capital.

While most of Indonesia's banking industry is still trying to recover their internal conditions in 1999, Bank NISP has launched a product Credit Home Ownership (KPR) Freedom is a repackaging of products that already exist KPR. The uniqueness of this product is the credit approval process that only five working days since all the data received. These products make up the forward Pour banking credit to help finance a house in the midst of economic crisis.

With the support of more than 5,300 employees, 352 offices and more than 20,000 ATM machines, including ATM network and ATM BCA Bersama spread across Indonesia and OCBC Bank ATMs in Singapore and Malaysia in the BankCard; Bank NISP continually grow and develop without forgetting the importance of quality service to the customers.

At the international level, confidence in the Bank NISP increasingly evident. OCBC Bank Singapore, one of the largest banking group in Southeast Asia, have become shareholders NISP since April 2004. NISP shareholders with ownership of 72.40% at the end of 2007, OCBC Group to become the largest institutional shareholders, who actively supports the growth and development of the Bank NISP into a bank with the world.

SOURCE : http://www.banknisp.com/tentang/sejarah.asp

WORLD BANK

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in the Roman languages: BIRD) or the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, better known as the World Bank, is an international organization founded to fight poverty by helping finance developing countries. Operation of the World Bank is maintained through the payment sebagaima set by member states.
Activities of the World Bank is currently focused on developing countries, in areas such as education, [agricultural]] and the industry. World Bank provides loans with preferential tariffs to countries that are members in tough. As a reward, the Bank also asks that the economic steps that need to be, for example, corruption can be limited or developed democracy.
World Bank didirkan on 27 December 1945 after the ratification of international agreements reached at Bretton Woods Conference that took place on July 1 to July 22 1944. World Bank headquarters in Washington, DC, USA. The technical and structural, the World Bank, including one from the UN, but operationally very different from UN agencies other.
CRITICS
Despite expectations often become a poor country as a source of development loans, the World Bank is often criticized by opponents of "neo-colonial" corporate globalization. The opponents of this, which is often referred to as the anti-globalization, blame the World Bank because of weakened sovereignty loan recipient countries through economic liberalization.
The most common criticism is the World Bank is in the influence of certain countries (especially the United States), which benefit most from the activities of the World Bank.
Other criticisms that the World Bank operates on the principles of neoliberalism, based on the belief that the market (free) can bring prosperity to countries that practice free competition, without any intervention. In this perspective, the reform of berinspirasikan "neo-liberal" is not always appropriate for countries that have experienced conflict (ethnic wars, border conflicts, etc..) Or that have been long in the oppressive conditions (dictator or colonial) and countries that do not have democratic political system stable. In this perspective, the World Bank prefers the influx of foreign companies than local economic development that country.
On the other hand, people criticize liberal Bank because only act as a purely political organization. In this perspective, the Bank thus represents the rejection of the concept in the ability of the market economy. Folk liberal view as a tool of the country, for the international economy, which works to cover the ulcer-ulcer from a policy that is being done country. In this perspective, the World Bank to take the responsibility of the economic liberal, and not let the state policy in place.
During the period 1972 to 1989, the World Bank is not a test environment and does not require the test environment in each of the proposed project. Tests conducted on only a small part of the project, which the staff of the environment, in the early 1970s, sending the checklist form to the borrower and the borrower then submit detailed documentation and suggestions for analysis.
Also in this period, the World Bank failed to take into account environmental factors in the social, most clearly visible in the program Transmigration of Indonesia in 1974 (Transmigration V). It is important to note that this occurred after the establishment of the office environment of the World Bank (OESA) in 1971. According to critics of the World Bank, Le Prestre, Transmigration V program is the largest evacuation of residents who had tried ... designed to move the 65 million population of the country with 165 million (at the time) within 20 years. The goal is the improvement of economic and social conditions of the islands inhabited solid, reduce the level of unemployment in Java, the relocation of labor to other areas, and "strengthen national unity through ethnic integration, and improving the living standards of poor people. Transmigration project is considered failed because the some cases collision occurred between local people and transmigrants, and some tropical forests to be opened became damaged agricultural fields.
President of World Bank
• Eugene Meyer (June 1946-December 1946)
• John J. McCloy (March 1947-June 1949)
• George D. Woods (January 1963-March 1968)
• Robert S. McNamara (April 1968-June 1981)
• Alden W. Clausen (July 1981-June 1986)
• Barber B. Conable (July 1986-August 1991)
• Lewis T. Preston (September 1991-May 1995)
• James D. Wolfensohn (June 1995-May 2005)
• Paul Wolfowitz (June 2005-May 2007)
• Robert Zoellick (June 2007 - present)

source : id.wikipedia.com

Bank Indonesia

Bank Indonesia (BI, I called De Javasche Bank) is the central bank of the Republic of Indonesia. As the central bank, Bank Indonesia has one single goal, namely achieving and maintaining stability in the rupiah. The stability of the rupiah these two aspects, namely stability of the currency value of goods and services, and the stability of the currency of other countries.
To achieve this, BI is supported by three pillars that are three areas of its work. The third task of this field is set and implement monetary policy, manage and maintain the smooth payment system, and regulate and supervise banks in Indonesia. Diintegrasi need three goals to achieve and maintain stability in the rupiah can be achieved efficiently and effectively.
BI also the only institution that has the rights to distribute the money in Indonesia. In implementing its duties and responsibilities of BI, led by the Board of Governors. For the period 2008-2013, Boediono served as the position of Governor of the BI.

The status and position of Bank Indonesia

As the State Board of Independent
A new chapter in the history of Bank Indonesia as an independent Central Bank, which begun when a new law, namely Law. 23/1999 on Bank Indonesia, declared in effect on May 17, 1999. This law gives the status and position as a state institution that is independent and free from interference by the government or other parties. As an independent state institution, Bank Indonesia has full autonomy in formulating and implementing each of its duties and responsibilities as specified in the law-External is not allowed to meddle in the implementation of the tasks of Bank Indonesia, Bank Indonesia and also obliged to reject or ignore the intervention in the form of anything from any party. To further ensure independence, the law has a special position to Bank Indonesia in the structure of the Republic of Indonesia. As a state institution, the independent position of Bank Indonesia is not in line with the Board of the State. In addition, the position of Bank Indonesia also is not the same with the Department, because the position of Bank Indonesia is located outside the Government. The status and position of these special needs so that Bank Indonesia can implement the role and function as the monetary authority more effectively and efficiently.

As a legal entity
Bank Indonesia's status as a legal entity either public or civil legal entity established by law. As a body of law, Bank Indonesia public authorities set the rules of law which is the implementation of laws that bind all of the public in accordance with its duties and responsibilities. As the body of civil law, Bank Indonesia can act for and on behalf of themselves in and outside the court.
Goals and Tasks of Bank Indonesia

Single Destination
In its capacity as the central bank, Bank Indonesia has one single goal, namely achieving and maintaining stability in the rupiah. The stability of the rupiah these two aspects, namely stability of the currency value of goods and services, and the stability of the currency of other countries. The first aspect is reflected in the rate of inflation, while the second aspect is reflected in the development of the rupiah exchange rate against other currencies. The formulation of the single purpose of this is intended to clarify the targets that must be achieved by Bank Indonesia and the boundaries of responsibility. Thus, the achievement of the goals of Bank Indonesia will be measured easily.

Three Pillars Home
To achieve these objectives, Bank Indonesia is supported by three pillars that are three areas of its work. The third task of this field is set and implement monetary policy, manage and maintain the smooth payment system, and regulate and supervise banks in Indonesia. Diintegrasi need three goals to achieve and maintain stability in the rupiah can be achieved efficiently and effectively.

Monetary Policy
As the monetary authority, Bank Indonesia set and implement monetary policy to achieve and maintain stability in the rupiah. The direction of policy is based on the inflation rate target to be achieved by considering various other macroeconomic targets, both in the short term, medium term and long term.
Implementation of the monetary policy conducted with a set of operational targets, namely primary money (base money), and then observe the development of indicators that provide pressure on prices and the rupiah.
Development indicators are through direct monetary, that is using open market operations, discount rate and the determination of the minimum required reserves for banks.
Pegendalian the monetary approach indirectly this has been done since 1983 with an operational mechanism tailored to the dynamics of the domestic money market.

Open Market Operations
Open Market Operation (OMO) held to affect the rupiah liquidity in the money market, which in turn will affect the level of interest rates. OMO conducted through two ways, namely through the sale of Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI) and the intervention of Rupiah.
SBI sales made through auction so that the discount rate that truly reflects the money market liquidity conditions. Meanwhile, the rupiah intervention by Bank Indonesia to adjust money market conditions, good liquidity and interest rate.

Determination of the Minimum Required Reserves
This policy requires each bank's smoothly propose a number of assets that are prescribed certain amount of obligation segeranya. Currently, provisions in the Minimum Reserve Requirements (MRR) by 5% from the third party funds received by banks, which are kept in mandatory bank account at the Bank of Indonesia.
When Bank Indonesia need to tighten monetary policy, the compulsory reserve can be improved, and similarly vice versa. Role as a lender of the Last Resort, Bank Indonesia also function as lenders of last resort.
In implementing this function, Bank Indonesia can provide credit or financing based on the principles of sharia to the bank, which experienced a short-term liquidity difficulties caused by the occurrence of mismatch in the management of funds.
The loan period maximum 90 days, and bank loan recipients must provide collateral, high quality and easily diluted with a value at least equal to the amount of the loan.
Role as a lender of the Last Resort
Bank Indonesia also function as lenders of last resort. In implementing this function, Bank Indonesia can provide credit or financing based on the principles of sharia to the bank, which experienced a short-term liquidity difficulties caused by the occurrence of mismatch in the management of funds. The loan period maximum 90 days, and bank loan recipients must provide collateral, high quality and easily diluted with a value at least equal to the amount of the loan.

Exchange Rate Policy
The exchange rates that are commonly called the exchange rate, have an important role in achieving monetary stability and in supporting economic activity. A stable exchange rate is needed to create a climate conducive to increased business activities.
In outline, since 1970, Indonesia has implemented a system of three exchange rates, the system of fixed exchange rates 1970 to 1978, the exchange rate float system since 1978, and the system of exchange rates float freely (free floating exchange rate system) since 14 August 1997.
With the inception of this system, the rupiah exchange rate determined by the market exchange rate that is actually a balance between reflection of supply and demand.
To maintain the stability of exchange rates, Bank Indonesia in a certain period of time to make sterilization in the foreign exchange market, especially when there are excessive exchange rate fluctuation.

Management of International Reserves
Foreign exchange reserves is a net asset position of foreign government and foreign exchange banks, which must be kept for the purpose of international transactions.
In managing the reserves, the Bank of Indonesia while achieving the goal of liquidity and safety of high profit. Nevertheless, Bank Indonesia is still considering the development that occurred in the international market, so it is possible shift in the composition of the portfolio of foreign exchange reserves.
In managing foreign exchange reserves, Bank Indonesia is implementing diversification, both based on the type of foreign currency and based on the type of investment securities. By the way, it is expected that the decline in the value of a currency can be compensated by other types of currency or other placement that has a better value.

Credit Program
With Bank Indonesia's status as an independent monetary authority, the credit program, which is next conducted outside the scope of the task of Bank Indonesia.
Duty credit program will be conducted by the State-owned enterprises (SOEs), which appointed the Government. Transfer of tasks is that Bank Indonesia to focus more attention on the achievement of targets for monetary and in order to create a better division of tasks between the government and Bank Indonesia.
And the setting of Bank Supervision
In order to manage and supervise the task of banking, Bank Indonesia to set regulations, and to give permission on the institutional or business activities of certain banks, conduct supervision over banks, and impose sanctions against the bank in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.
In the implementation of this task, Bank Indonesia authorities to set conditions with the banking uphold the principle of prudence.
In connection with the licensing authority in the field, besides providing permits and revoke bank, Bank Indonesia can also give permission opening, closing and evacuation of a bank office, the approval of the ownership and management of banks, and give permission to banks to run the activities of certain business.
In the field of supervision, supervision of Bank Indonesia directly and indirectly. Direct supervision is carried out either in the form of checks regularly and at any time if necessary. Supervision is carried out through research, analysis and evaluation of the reports submitted by the bank.

Efforts to Restructure Banking
As efforts to rebuild the trust of the community to the financial system and economy of Indonesia, Bank Indonesia has taken a comprehensive restructuring of the banking. This step is absolutely necessary in order to recreate the banks as intermediary institutions that will encourage economic growth, while simultaneously improving the effectiveness of monetary policy.
Restructuring the banking is done through efforts to restore public confidence, the recapitalization program, credit restructuring, improvement of the banking provisions, and improving the function of bank supervision.

Payment System
Maintaining the stability of the rupiah, Bank Indonesia is the goal, as mandated Law. 23 of 1999 on Bank Indonesia. To maintain the stability of the rupiah and the need to be supported will be smooth management of National Payment System (NPS). The smoothness of the NPS is also need to be supported by a reliable infrastructure (robust). So, the more smoothly and hadal NPS, the more smoothly transmission of monetary policy, which is time-critical. If monetary policy is running smoothly so its mouth is the stability of exchange rates.
BI is the institutions that manage and maintain the smoothness of the NPS. As monetary authorities, central bank reserves the right to establish and NPS policy. In addition, BI also has the authority to issue approvals and licensing and monitoring (oversight) of the NPS. Recognizing the smoothness of the NPS, which is important in the system (systemically important), the central bank should consider organizing inter-bank settlement system infrastructure through the BI-Real Time Gross Settlement (BI-RTGS).
In addition, there is still the task of BI in the NPS, for example, the role of the interbank clearing system for the type of payment instruments certain. The central bank also is the only institution that has the right to distribute equipment and cash as payment currency of rupiah. BI also have the right to revoke, to attract foreign currency rupiah, which is not valid from circulation.
With these powers, the BI also set a number of policy components of the NPS. For example, payment instruments that may be used in Indonesia. BI also determine the standard payment instruments and was the parties that can be published and / or equipment to process the payment. BI also establish the institutions that can hold the payment system. Take the example, the clearing system or the transfer of funds, a good system intact or only part of the system only. The central bank also appoint an institution to operate a settlement system. In the end, BI must also establish policies on risk management, efficiency and good governance (governance) NPS.
In the cash payment instruments, Bank Indonesia is the only institution authorized to issue and circulate rupiah currency and in foreign currency from circulation. Related to the role of BI in the issue and circulation of money, Bank Indonesia can always try to meet cash needs in the community both in nominal enough, according to the type of fraction, punctually, and in a condition fit for circulation (clean money policy). To clean money policy, management, which manages money through Bank Indonesia from spending money, manages the money, revocation and withdrawal of money to the destruction of money.
Before conducting the rupiah currency, first by planning to have spent the money that good quality so that public confidence remains intact. Planning by Bank Indonesia include the planning of new emissions, considering the level of fraud, and the value intrinsically edar money. In addition, the planning is done and the composition of total fraction of the money will be printed during the year ahead. Based on the planning and procurement made good money for spending money emissions and printing new money to the routine issued in the past.
Currency issued then distributed or distributed in the entire region through the Office of Bank Indonesia. Rupiah needs in each office of Bank Indonesia based on the amount of stock, the needs of payments, exchange and replacement of the money during a period of time. Distribution is done by means of land, sea and air. To ensure the security escorts performed well through adequate planning and with the increased monitoring system.
Activities also manages the money made through the service of cash to banks and the general public. Service cash to the bank conducted through general revenues and premium payments rupiah currency. While the community is done through the exchange directly through the counter-counter exchange in all the offices of Bank Indonesia or through cooperation with companies that provide services, exchange small.
Furthermore, the rupiah currency management activities by Bank Indonesia is the revocation of a fraction of the money with the emission of certain years are no longer valid as legal. Revocation of money from circulation is intended to prevent and minimize the circulation of counterfeit money and simplify the composition and emissions fraction. Currency, which may be revoked by Bank Indonesia to exchange or other parties who have been appointed by Bank Indonesia.
Meanwhile, to keep rupiah currency in conditions fit for circulation in the community, Bank Indonesia to do the destruction of money. Money Destruction is the money that has been revoked and withdrawn from circulation, printing money and less perfect money that is not fit for circulation. The destruction of currency is governed by the procedures and conducted by a third party with supervision by a team of Bank Indonesia (BI).
The Board of Governors of BI
In implementing its duties and responsibilities, led by Bank Indonesia Board of Governors. This Council consists of a Governor as a leader, assisted by a Senior Deputy Governor as a representative, and at least four or at most seven Deputy Governor. Tenure of the Governor and Deputy Governor for a term of five years, and they can only be elected for as many two-time task.
And Dismissal of the Board of Governors
Governor and Senior Deputy Governor proposed and appointed by the President with the approval of the DPR. Meanwhile, Deputy Governor proposed by the Governor and appointed by the President with the approval of the DPR. Member of the Board of Governor of Bank Indonesia can not be dismissed by the President, except when the pull out, permanently, or to perform criminal acts of crime.
The Decision
As a forum highest decision-making, Meeting of the Board of Governors (Board of Governors' Meetings) held at least once a month to set general policy in the field of monetary, and at least once a week to evaluate the implementation of monetary policy or policies that define and principle strategic. Decision making is done in the Meeting of the Board of Governors, on the basis of consensus for the agreement. If the agreement is not reached, the Governor set a final decision.
The Governor of Bank Indonesia
Since established, the people who elected as Governor of the BI, as follows:
• 2008-2013 Boediono
• 2003-2008 Burhanuddin Abdullah
• 1998-2003 Syahril Sabirin
• 1993-1998 J. Soedradjat Djiwandono
• 1988-1993 Adrian Mooy
• 1983-1988 Arifin Siregar
• 1973-1983 Rachmat Saleh
• 1968-1973 Radius Prawiro

Source: id.wikipedia.com

Economic sharia

Economic sharia is the social sciences to learn that the economic problems that people dilhami by the values of Islam. Economic sharia different from capitalism, socialism, the welfare state and the (Welfare State). Different from capitalism because Islam is against exploitation by the owners of capital to labor and the poor, and prohibit cumulation wealth. In addition, the economic glass in the eyes of Islam is a demand once the suggestion that life has a religious dimension.

Economic differences with sharia conventional economic
Sharia economic system is very different with capitalist economy, socialist or communist. Economic sharia is not also in the middle of the third economic system. Very contrary to the capitalist a more individual, socialist give almost responsibilities to all citizens and the communist extreme [1], Islam set of economic trade and services that can and can not be in transactions. Islam in the economy should be able to provide for the welfare of the entire community, provide a sense of justice, togetherness and family and able to provide the broadest opportunity to each of the business.

Economic characteristics of sharia
Not many in the Koran, and only the principles that are fundamental. For reasons that are very appropriate, the Qur'an and Sunnah lot to discuss about how the Muslim people should buy as producers, consumers and owners of capital, but only a little about the economic system [5]. As disclosed in the above discussion, the economy in Islam should be able to provide the broadest opportunity to each of the business. In addition, the economic nature of sharia emphasize four, among others:
1. Unity (unity)
2. Balance (Equilibrium)
3. Freedom (free will)
4. Responsibility (responsibility)
Human as representatives (caliph) of God in the world may not be individualistik, because all the (property) in the earth are the property of Allah, and man's faith is in the earth. In running their economic activities, Islam is very forbid usury activities, in terms of language, which means "excess". In the Qur'an, Al Baqarah verse 275 mentioned that people who eat (take) usury can not stand as the foundation of the person who possessed devil because (the pressure) madness. Their condition that is because they say (opinion), the buying and selling the same lap, when God had completed its development of selling and buying forbid usury ...

source : id.wikipedia.com

BANK SYARIAH

Banking sharia, or Islamic Banking is a banking system that was developed based on the sharia (law) INDIANA. Business is the establishment of a system based on the prohibition of Islam in the levy and to borrow with interest or usury, and called for a ban on investment businesses are classified as illegal (eg business related to the production of food / beverages forbidden, the media business that is not Marina Park, etc. ), Where this can not be guaranteed by the conventional banking system.

History
World
Islamic banking first appeared in Egypt without using the supplement anger, fear, because of the regime in power at that time will be seen as a fundamentalist movement. This pioneering business leader Ahmad El Najjar, take the form of a savings bank based on profit sharing (the division of profit) Ghamr in Mit city in 1963. This experiment lasted until 1967, when it stood 9 bank with a similar concept in Egypt. These banks, which do not charge or receive interest, most invest in the business of trade and industry directly in the form of Partnership and share the profits obtained by the depositors.
Still in the same country, in 1971, Nasir Social Bank was established and recognized as a commercial bank interest free. Although the establishment may not mentioned reference to religion and Sharia.
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and then stand in 1974 sponsored by the countries that joined in the Organization Islamic Conference, although the main bank is a bank between the government aims to provide funds for development projects in member countries. IDB to provide fee-based financial services and profit-sharing for these countries and explicitly states themselves, based on sharia anger.
cleavage other countries in the era of 1970, a number of Quebec-based bank and then appear. In the Middle East, among others, stood Dubai Islamic Bank (1975), Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan (1977), Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt (1977) and the Bahrain Islamic Bank (1979). He Asia-Pacific region, Phillipine Trustee Bank was founded in 1973 by presidential decree, and in 1983 stood Muslim Pilgrims Savings Corporation, which aims to help those who want to save to fulfill the religious pilgrimage.
Indonesia
In Indonesia, the pioneer bank is the Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Founded 1991, the bank was initiated by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and the government and support from the Indonesian Association of Muslim intellectuals (ICMI) and some Muslim businessmen. The Bank had terimbas by the monetary crisis at the end of the 90-year ekuitasnya so that only the remaining third of the initial capital. IDB and provides injection of funds to the bank and in the period 1999-2002 can rise and generate profit. Currently, the existence of sharia banks in Indonesia have been set in law, namely Law. 10 years old, 1998 on Changes to Law. 7-year 1992 on Banking.
Until the year 2007 there are 3 institutions of sharia banks in Indonesia, namely the Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Syariah Mandiri and Bank Mega Syariah. Meanwhile, banks that have business unit of sharia are 19 banks including the large banks such as Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) and Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero).
The system of sharia has also been used by the People's Bank, has developed 104 BPR Sharia.
The principles of sharia banking
Principle is the rule of sharia Islamic law based on agreement between the bank and other parties for funds and / or financing business activities, or other activities in accordance with sharia.
Some principles of law of the sharia banking system by, among others:
• Payment of the loan with a different value of the loan value with the value determined previously not allowed.
• The funds must also share the profits and losses as a result of the results of the business institutions that borrow funds.
• Islam does not allow "money from money." Money is the only media exchange and commodities not because they do not have value intrinsically.
• Elements Gharar (uncertainties, speculation) is not allowed. Both sides must know the good results they will get from a transaction.
• Investment can only be given on the efforts underway that are not in anger. Businesses such as liquor can not be funded by the bank.
Product bank
Some services products provided by the bank based on sharia, among others:
Services for the borrower funds
• Mudhorobah, is an agreement between the provider of capital to entrepreneurs. Any profits will be divided according to the ratio of certain agreed upon. The risk of loss borne by the parties of the Bank except losses caused by management errors, negligence and irregularities such as the customer misuse, fraud and abuse.
• Musyarokah (Joint Venture), this concept is applied to the model of partnership or joint venture. Profits will be divided in the agreed ratio while losses will be divided based on the ratio of equity owned by their respective parties. Mudharabah fundamental difference with this concept is in no intervention in the management of mudharabah management, while there is no interference
• Murobahah, namely the distribution of funds in the form of trading. The Bank will buy the goods and services required users to re-sell it to users with services prices increased, according to a set profit margins of banks, and service user can move the goods. The amount of the installment contract in front of the flat line and the size of the installment price = principal plus an agreed margin. Example: the price of houses, 500 million, a margin of bank / advantages jt 100 banks, the borrowers paid customers is 600 million and be agreed upon during the time between the beginning of the Bank and the Customer.
• Takaful (insurance) and
Services for the storage of funds
• Wadi'ah (care services), is a service where penitip care funds can take these funds at any time. With the system wadiah Bank is not obliged, however, allowed to give bonuses to customers.
• Deposit Mudhorobah, customers save money in the bank in a certain period of time. Gains from investment funds to customers by banks will be divided between banks and customers with the ratio for specific results.

Funds Management Challenges
The rate of growth of sharia banking at the global level no doubt. Islamic financial institutions assets in the world is estimated to reach 250 billion U.S. dollars, growing an average of more than 15 percent per year. In Indonesia, sharia banking business volume during the last five years the average grow 60 percent per year. 2005, the Indonesian bank to a profit of Rp 238.6 billion, up 47 percent from the previous year. Still, the market potential for very broad bank, is still lagging far behind Malaysia.
Years ago, the Malaysian bank to print more profit than one billion ringgit (272 million U.S. dollars). The end of March 2006, bank assets in this country neighbors almost reaching 12 percent of the total assets of national banks. Meanwhile in Indonesia, sharia banking assets from March 2006 recorded 1.40 percent of total banking assets. Bank Indonesia predicts, the acceleration of growth of sharia banking in Indonesia will begin this year.
Implementation of the policy office channeling, support for accelerating the form of government management account pilgrimage that will be trusted in the bank, and the presence of investors will encourage the growth of new business sharia. Consultant, bank, Adiwarman Azwar Karim, opinion, the development bank, among others, will be based on sharia bonds, or sukuk, which is prepared by the government.
A number of foreign banks in Indonesia, such as Citibank and HSBC, even welcomed the issuance of sukuk prepared to open the business units of sharia. Meanwhile, a number of investors from the Gulf country also is ready to buy banks in Indonesia to convert into a sharia bank. Criteria, the bank selected beraset generally relatively small, between Rp 500 billion and Rp 2 trillion. Once converted, the banks should do the syndicated financing large projects, involving global financial institutions.

Collecting funds
In addition to foreign investors, union funds from the bank in the country will didongkrak implementation of the channeling of office-based BI Regulation No. 8/3/PBI/2006. This rule allows branch banks that have business units serving sharia, sharia products and services, especially the opening of the account, deposit, and pull the cash.
Until now, channeling new office use BNI Sharia Bank Permata and Sharia. A total of 212 branches of Bank Permata in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Bandung and Surabaya have been able to sharia products and services since early March last. Meanwhile, the initial phase of office channeling BNI Sharia started 21 April 2006 on 29 branches in the main BNI Jabotabek area. Targeted 151 branches in the main BNI Indonesia will follow.
General Manager of BNI Sharia Suhardi few weeks and explain, to facilitate public access service sharia, was also launched BNI Syariah Card. This card allows customers to use all the sharia delivery channels owned BNI, all BNI ATM, ATM link, ATM Bersama, and the International Cirrus ATM network in the world.
Results of research and permodelan potential and the preferences of the community to Sharia bank made last year, BI shows the high interest of the community bank. However, most respondents complained about the quality of services, including access to the network low. It is this weakness that try to overcome the office channeling.
Funds also will terhimpun related to increased government plans to save on the cost PILGRIM bank. With the quota of 200,000 candidates congregation pilgrimage, if each candidate congregation pilgrimage save Rp 20 million, will terhimpun funds Rp 4 trillion dititipkan only to the sharia banks for about four months. Funds terhimpun the pilgrimage in large numbers in a relatively short time will encourage the emergence of sharia investment instruments. Funds terhimpun that even quite attractive for business people to launch global financial sharia investment products.
On the other hand, the interest rate of conventional banking is expected to be down. According to Adiwarman, the results for the bank, which currently ranges from 8-10 percent, enough to make sharia banking competitive against conventional banks. "With the difference of around two percent (from a conventional bank interest rate), people still hold on the banks of sharia, but more than that, faith can also tempted to move to a conventional bank," said Adiwarman explain the behavior patterns of customers who are not too loyal sharia.
Based on the analysis of the BI, the increased interest rate trends in the third quarter of 2005 also had to make sharia banking risks diverting funds (from bank to bank sharia conventional). It is estimated more than Rp 1 trillion in client funds transferred to the third quarter last year. However, the depositor confidence in the bank proved to be restored with the growth of third party funds, which reached Rp 2.2 trillion at the end of the year. Increase the accumulation of funds the bank is the third opportunity, while the challenge, because without proper management of the problem will thus come.
Islamic banking was accused "less Stop" in the financing environment because of a number of customers who are considered problematic in conventional banks had to obtain financing from banks sharia. However, the Chairman of the General Association of Bank Syariah Indonesia Dwi Wahyu Agung believes, with the credit bureau information system that contains the BI data all outstanding debtors, such as tudingan it will not happen again.
Position the ratio of the problematic (non-performing financings) on the bank recorded a rise of 2.82 percent in December 2005 to 4.27 percent last March. This ratio is still considered to be restrained.
It easy for people to access banking services and the availability of sharia, sharia investment products will not be the optimal promotion and education without adequate on the Islamic financial institutions. Is also required insurance products offered obedient to the principles of sharia.


Source: id.wikipedia.com

World Bank Loan Offer $ 5 Billion for Anticipating Climate Change

Jakarta (ANTARA News) - The World Bank loan funds offer a low of 5 billion dollars the United States to developing countries for financing adaptation to climate change.

Announcement of Investment Climate Fund is presented by the World Bank on the second day of the hearing, which discussed the framework of cooperation to handle climate change, held in Bangkok on Tuesday (1 / 4).

Bangkok Post daily on-line version, on Wednesday, saying, Director of Environmental Affairs of the World Bank, Warren Evans, said this initiative is part of a three-year aid scheme that provides low-interest loans have tribes for programs related to climate change.

He is expanding programs that can be financed by this loan the World Bank, among others, development of clean technology, adaptation to climate change and sustainable forest management in developing countries.

Meanwhile, Evans continued, developed countries like the United States, Japan and the UK have pledged to allocate funds to the World Bank for Investment Climate Fund program is.

"We target of collecting funds to more than 5 billion dollars," he said.

Funds, said Evans, will be managed by the allocation mechanism that designed by the UN (United Nations) and NGOs.

The World Bank also target the discussion about the source of funds from donors can be completed in all ministers council, the minister of environmental G8 group of rich countries, in Tokyo, June.

Evans adds loan assistance schemes will also be approved by the executive council of the World Bank in the range of June.


NGOs skeptical response

In the other hand, environmental activists forced the World Bank loan program is a skeptic.

They mention a low loan assistance that overlap with climate change adaptation fund that is being designed by the UNFCCC (Convention on Climate Change Cooperation UN).

UNFCCC adaptation fund also aims to help finance developing countries in terms of financing programs of mitigation and adaptation to climate change.

The money is managed by the UNFCCC is sourced from various project Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which is set in the Kyoto Protocol, and is expected to be collected up to 500 million dollars in the year 2012.

However, there is also concern the adoption of these funds will not reach the target as the maximum financial assistance to overcome the phenomena of global climate change.

Antonio Hill, senior pegiat from Oxfam, said the World Bank assistance scheme will be "crippling" Bali Plan of Action on the adaptation fund.

According to him, should funds be provided as grants rather than loans, because developing countries have been tortured in such a way as a result of the impact of climate change caused by emissions of greenhouse gases countries.

"Schemes such as the World Bank is your car and hit a home other people to damage, but then you offer loan money to the owner of the house to repair the damaged house," he said.

However, opinions vary by Evans, because according to his loan from the World Bank will not remove the framework of UNFCCC adaptation assistance.

"If we find elements of overlap, of course we will avoid. But in this case we do not have overlapping elements," said Evans.

If assistance from the UNFCCC adaptation funds for this is very complicated and slow to obtain, a loan from the World Bank estimated that this will be easier to access.

Evans mentioned the donor countries will pay the majority of funds, while developing countries and NGOs will be invited to participate in designing the formula and pattern of these funds.

The Council in Bangkok attended by 1,200 delegates from 163 countries around the world. They gathered since 31 March to 4 April, construct the framework of international cooperation treaties that are new, replacing the Kyoto Protocol which runs out in the first period of 2012.

In the Kyoto Protocol, 34 rich countries reduce the required greenhouse gas emissions to 5 percent of their numbers from 1990, emissions in the year 2012. (*)

source : http://www.antara.co.id/arc/2008/4/2/bank-dunia-tawarkan-pinjaman-5-miliar-bagi-antisipasi-perubahan-iklim/

Maximum World Bank loan of U.S. $ 500 Million

TEMPO Interactive, Jakarta: The government is still considering a bid loans with high scenario (high case Scenario), which offered the World Bank. From the bids will be given a loan, the government only U.S. $ 500 million from the international institutions.

"The amount of the loan not yet concrete. But the U.S. $ 400-500 million, according to the ancar-ancar budget," said Director General of the State Treasury, the Ministry of Finance, Mulia Nasution, last week.

Head of World Bank Representative for Indonesia Andrew Steer previously stated, in 2006, Indonesia has a big opportunity to utilize the loans with high case Scenario.

World Bank loan ceiling in line with the progress of reforms that have been made and the performance of the government is advancing. "We have set up funds," he said.

Mulia said, the loans will be received in 2006 the U.S. line and can sync with the needs of the government. This is because many of the loans at the end of the year.

As a result, the loan can not be used to the maximum by the government. "We want a better, including 2,006 from the loan program," he said.

Until now, the government is not prioritizing which loans will be disbursed. "We still hold the number the state budget," he said.

About the possibility of additional requirements (additional fun), which will be submitted by creditors, Mulia said, "Must be seen whether the development of new and urgent. If not in line with the development program, received difficult."

Additional requirements that are usually proposed by the creditors, said Mulia, related to the utilization of loan and loan guarantee refunds. "They also want to invest can walk," he said.

source :
http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/ekbis/2006/01/15/brk .20060115 to 72,349, id.html

Bank Mandiri loans for SMEs

JAKARTA - The difficulty of small and medium entrepreneurs in developing business is access to banking. Furthermore the number of the requirements such as financial reports and requirements, leaving other. The problem is in fact already classic, but until now there has been no solution. Banks are generally still apply stricter requirements on small and medium entrepreneurs that have the type of business, which is quite prospective.
The businessman is finally disposed pessimistic. Generally, they are "afraid", albeit not try. That had tried, many of which failed due to difficult credit requirements.
It also tried dijembatani by Bank Mandiri, the state-owned bank that is now the largest in Indonesia.
Here are various types of credit devoted to small and medium entrepreneurs from Bank Mandiri. Or is simple enough. Welcome to try!

Credit for Small (SEC)
SEC is a credit or financing from a bank or untk investment and working capital, which is given in rupiah and foreign currency or to small business customers with a total maximum credit ceiling of Rp. 500,000,000 - (five hundred million rupiah) to pay for a productive business.

SEC-Credit Investment
Credit-term / long is given to the (prospective) outstanding debtors to pay for capital goods in the framework of the rehabilitation, modernization, expansion or establishment of new projects, with a maximum term of 10 years.

SEC-Working Capital Loan
Credit is given to meet the needs of working capital in one out of the business cycle.

SEC-Contractor Working Capital Loan
Credit is given to meet the needs of working capital for business services contractor that runs out in a business cycle.

SEC-channeling
Credit or Working Capital Investment Credit provided through cooperation with the Financing Institute or other banks. To obtain SEC-channeling requirements, the form of individual businesses, the business body that is not a legal or business, which is a body of law, including cooperatives. Stand alone or are not affiliated with a secondary business or big business. Property net a maximum of Rp. 200 million. The results of the annual sales of Rp 1 billion. Share your own funds and at least 20 percent owned by Indonesian Citizens.

Credit Food Security (KKP)
KKP is the working capital credit facility provided by Bank Mandiri to:
farmers, in the order intensification of rice, maize, soybean, cassava, sweet potato. Breeder, in the context of beef cattle livestock, domestic poultry and duck. Fish farmers, in the framework of the business of catching fish, supporting fisheries and aquaculture, or fish and together with the cultivation of domestic poultry husbandry.
Conditions for the KKP has obtain a feasible business.
Special to the Primary Cooperative is a cooperative and have a business permit and that active managers. Have never obtained a credit facility or have / have obtained a credit facility with the criteria of "smooth" or not in error. The maximum credit period of 1 year. Collateral main business is financed. Outstanding debtors submit additional collateral if the bank's assessment is needed.
Interest rates for business intensification of rice, maize, soybean, cassava, sweet potato is 12 percent per year. KKP interest rate for beef cattle animal husbandry, domestic poultry and duck as much as 16 percent per year.
While the interest rate for catching fish, supporting fisheries and aquaculture, or fish and together with the cultivation of domestic poultry husbandry, as much as 16 percent per year. Interest rate on loans to the cooperative framework of the procurement of food in the form of unhulled rice, maize, soybean and fishery business and also as much as 16 percent per year.
KKP benefits, withdrawal can be done at once. Except for Cooperatives, withdrawing credit can be done at any time. Pelunasannya at maturity or credit at the time of harvest and financing may be provided by the group. Obtain technical assistance / technology management and extension officers from the Field (PPL) is appointed.

Program PUKK
Development Program for Small and Cooperatives (PROGRAM PUKK) this program that aims to help small businesses and cooperatives in the form of loans and grants. Source of funds programs PUKK profit comes from the elimination of Bank Mandiri of 1-3 percent of all corporate profits after taxes with the approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders.
PUKK program is intended for individuals or small businesses and cooperatives corporately, which has not had access to banking (not bankable), who want to start a new business, but has the prospect to be developed and / or to finance business activities that have been there. Provide the inclusion of funds (equity) of 25 percent of the fund needs, both for grants and loans.
Loans are not given to partners who have built a credit facility from Bank Mandiri or other bank loans or funds from the program PUKK other SOEs.
The interest the first year of 6 percent, 6 percent the second year, 9 percent the third year, 12 percent four years, five years and 15 percent. PUKK interest loans under commercial interest.
Applications for the type of credit needed for living in the area of Jakarta
can be submitted at the City Business Center (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation); Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Region III Jakarta Kota, Jl. No field station. 2, West Jakarta; Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Region IV Jakarta Thamrin, Jl. M.H. Thamrin no. 5, Central Jakarta; Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Region V Jakarta Sudirman, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav 54-55, South Jakarta.
Meanwhile, for persons in areas outside Jakarta to be on the branches or the Bank Mandiri in Indonesia. (tot)

source: www.sinarharapan.co.id/ekonomi/usaha/2003/1206/ukm2.html

Swiss-IFC SME credit provided U.S. $ 100 million

JAKAKTA (Business): The Government of Switzerland, in cooperation with the International Finance Corporation (IFC) the World Bank Swisscontact business and the BI to develop programs to increase access of SMEs to provide banks with a credit of U.S. $ 100 million. The program will be done by developing the capacity of local banks to provide loans to small and medium enterprises and help SMEs in the credit application process through the preparation of documents to support loan applications.

Swiss Economics Minister Joseph Deiss said the assistance credit of U.S. $ 100 million is allocated for SMEs in Aceh. "In connection with the disaster in Aceh, we will provide credit assistance through IFC, the World Bank, and National Barrk ~ Indonesia. Help for the bank itself, as well as activities to help SMEs," he said after Bambaag received President Susilo Yudhoyono in the presidency building yesterday. In addition, Deiss added, Switzerland will provide an additional form of education and training program for SMEs in Aceh. Education and training programs, he said, will be done by the NGOs from Switzerland, namely Swisscontact.

When prompted about interest rates, Deiss said the amount of interest to the bank that. "This is a private bank in the country. This is based on commercial rules, and we only help promote the-mosikan program." IFC Country Manager German Vegarra add the program through the Swiss authorities will provide credit to U.S. $ 100 million for SMEs, the government also plans to establish units Promoting Enterprise Access to Credit (PEAC). "In Indonesia, IFC increasingly active in helping perkembangkan access to funding, better pay for SMEs, the program shows one of our commitment," he said yesterday after signing of MoU.

PEAC units, he explained, trying to mem-facilitating the relationship between the occurrence of Business Development Services Providers, SMEs, and the Bank are commercial. This will be implemented by Swisscontact, IFC-PENSA (Program for Eastern Indonesia SME Assitance) with the BI. PEAC main goal is to increase the number of applications from the credit quality of SMEs. PEAC will have five functions a.l. identify the needs of documentation from the banks related to credit applications, and the selection of providers that have the potential to help SMEs meet the requirements. After one year, standing facilities PEAC will become a private company should be able to find their own income in the fund operational expenses.

This program will also involve about five commercial banks in Indonesia. Bank of participating in this program will be determined based on the evaluation and decision from the IFC. The technical assistance will be provided by the IFC to the bank, the participants of this program al the form of loan modification procedures, improvement of marketing, training related to the financing of SMEs and information technology support tailored to the needs of the bank. Meanwhile, Bank Indonesia Governor Burhanuddin Abdullah on the same opportunity to the implementation of the agreement will reduce the funding gap for SMEs. "Financial support, technical assistance, and incentives for banks which focus on the financing included in this agreement will ultimately provide more pendaan given directly to the SMEs through the PEAC."

source: www.damandiri.or.id/detail.php?id=272